Diabetes Mellitus
Saturday, November 20th, 2010BY COURTNEY MARCEL, LPN
Diabetes refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose. Glucose is the body’s main energy source for the cells that make up muscles and tissues. Diabetes means there is too much glucose in the blood. There are several different types of diabetes:
Type I diabetes is when your immune system attacks and kills insulin producing cells in the pancreas. Sugar begins to build up in your blood stream because there is little to no insulin. Insulin helps with the transport of glucose into the cells, so without it- it stays in the blood stream. Insulin therapy for this type is vital.
Type II diabetes is when your cells become resistant to the action of insulin and the pancreas isn’t able to produce enough insulin to overcome it. Risk factors include: obesity, inactivity, family history, race and age. Some people with Type II can control it with oral medication only and some have to aid it with use of insulin.
Prediabetes is when your blood sugar levels are elevated- but not enough to be considered diabetes. Eating right and exercise can prevent the need for medication and or the conversion to Type II diabetes.
Gestational diabetes only happens during pregnancy. Risk factors are age, family or personal history, weight and race. Most women will deliver healthy babies but complications can include: excess growth, low blood sugar, jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome, type II diabetes later in life and or death. Treatment would be controlling blood sugar by diet and exercise. In some cases insulin may be needed.
Some symptoms of diabetes are unusual thirst or excessive hunger, blurred vision, weight loss, excessive urination, slow healing times, extreme fatigue or numbness and tingling in hands or feet.
Lifestyle changes to manage any type of diabetes includes learning about the disease, taking care of your teeth, paying attention to feet, scheduling yearly eye exams, and keeping blood pressure and cholesterol under control.
If left untreated complications of diabetes include: seizure, coma, cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, eye damage, foot damage, skin and mouth conditions, and bone and joint problems.
Glycated hemoglobin tests the average sugar for the past 2-3 months. Random blood sugar test and fasting blood sugar tests are also helpful in the diagnosis. Testing for gestational diabetes includes a glucose challenge test between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy or sooner if you are at high risk.
Prevention of this is also fairly easy: maintain a healthy diet, get more physical activity in, and lose excess pounds. Also keep yearly exams scheduled with your doctor so you can catch a problem before it’s too late!



